Bom, seu sources.list contém apenas os repositórios do Deepin, pela saída do apt. Tenta substituir todo o conteúdo em /etc/apt/sources.list por isso:
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse